무너지는 중산층

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미국의 서브프라임의 문제를 시작으로 금융위기까지 이어져 점점 실물경제로 옮아가고 있다.

이런 상황에서 대한민국의 중산층을 보게 되면 앞으로의 한국사회에 대해 걱정이 된다.

위 자료를 보면 알 수 있듯이 1997년도 IMF가 오기 전까진 중산층이 전체의 68%이었으나 IMF이후로 급격히 감소하면서 2005년 부동산 광풍이 몰아치고 난 후부터 상류층은 늘며 중산층중 일부는 상류층으로 갔고 그 기회를 잡지 못한 부류는 빈곤층으로 내려가는 현상이 발생했다.

현재 전체 인구중 58%만이 중산층인데 이것은 상류층 대비 매우 적은 숫자다.
앞으로 금융위기로 인한 실물 경제가 점점 위축 된다면 중산층은 점점 줄어들것은 뻔하다.

아래는 2008년 KDI에서 조사한 것으로 현재 중산층에 대한 정의와 추정값을 나타낸것이다.


middleclass_change.jpg위 표를 보면 알수 있듯이 중산층의 몰락이 얼마나 심각하게 다가오는 지 알 수 있다. 사회가 발전을 하면 최상위계층과 최하위계층이 점점 증가해지는건 자본주의 아래에선 당연한듯 보이는 것처럼 볼 수도 있으나 이런 부분을 보완해야 하는것이야 말로 모두가 함께 사는 자본주의를 향한 길이라 생각한다.

사회적취약계층이 늘어남에 따라 사회적 안전망을 확충하는 것이 시급하다.
대한민국은 어떤 실패를 겪게 되면 그 상태에서 다시금 회복하는 것이 무척 어려운 사회이다.
사회적 안전망이 갖추어지지 않은 상태에서 현 정부는 상위몇퍼센트에만 해당하는 정책만을 내놓기 바쁘니 대한민국이란 나라의 신뢰는 회복되지 않고 있다.

상황이 이렇다보니 자영업자의 살림살이는 점점 더 팍팍해지기만 할 따름이다.
중소업체들이 살아나기 힘든 상황이라 점점 더 산업은 대기업위주로 진행이 되고,
자연스레 소득은 상위몇퍼센트로 몰리게 마련이다.

현재는 실물경제의 지표가 나쁠것으로 예상이 되는 시점이지만
실제적으로 실물경기가 하락하는 국면에 들어서서는 얼마나 많은 타격이 더 갈지 상상만 해도 알 수 있다.

경기침체는 기업의 투자의 감소와 긴축재정을 야기하며 이 과정에서 부실기업들은 살아남기위해 자구책을 쓰게 되는데 그중에 큰 한 수단이 인원감축혹은 동결, 현급지금시기를 미루는 어음발행이다. 일반 중산층들이 살아남기 위해선 일자리를 구하거나 자영업을 해야 하는데 자영업은 경기하락국면에서는 불에 뛰어드는 것과 마찬가지이기 때문에 자연스레 일자리에 집중이 되게 된다. 그런데 기업의 정책에 따라 인원감축 혹은 동결이 될 경우 실업율은 증가를 하며 대졸취업자들은 갈 곳을 잃으며, 가정을 꾸리고 있던 경우엔 가정에 흔들림이 오게 된다. 

현금지급의 연기는 하청업체에겐 심각한 타격을 주며 자연스레 근로자의 봉급에도 영향이 미치게 된다. 이렇게 되면 가정살림살이에 영향을 주며 빈곤층은 극빈곤층으로 중산층은 빈곤층으로 밀려나게 되는 것이다.

경기침체는 사회전반적으로 민심을 흉흉하게 만들수 밖에 없는 구조다. 기업인들은 타격을 심하게 받는 것처럼 보일지 몰라도 사회 전체적으로 본다면 빈곤층, 중산층이 더 큰 타격을 입는 것이다.

중산층이 무너지고 사회구조가 빈곤층과 상위계층으로 나뉘는 것은 단순한 경기문제로만 봐서는 안된다. 이것은 경기침체가 그 시발점을 제공하는 것이지만 정부입장에서 제도개선으로 그 속도를 충분히 느리게 할 수 있다. 따라서 대한민국도 현 제도적인 개선을 해 나아가야만이 대한민국이 그나마 살기 좋은 나라에 포함 될 수 있을 것이다.



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